Hand washing pdf download

Although proper hand washing practice among mothers is satisfactory, habit of this hygienic behavior should be promoted in the whole country to prevent episodes of diarrhoea especially given priority to low income households and mothers with low education status. Key words: proper hand washing, mothers, diarrhoea Introduction Proper hand washing is the simple and easy way to prevent many infectious diseases including diarrhoea.

In Myanmar, diarrhoeal diseases ranked fourth among single leading causes of morbidity during Therefore, control of communicable diseases including diarrhoea is one of the priority tasks of Ministry of Health, Myanmar in achieving its objectives of enabling every citizen to attain full life expectancy and enjoy longevity of life and ensuring that every citizen is free from diseases1.

Annually, diarrhoeal diseases along with acute respiratory infection kill more than 3. Therefore, proper hand washing practice can be regarded as a vaccine against these diseases2,3,4. Unfortunately, many people do not wash their hands properly5. Similarly one study done in Yangon Children Hospital, Myanmar also revealed that the proper hand washing practice among mothers was low and this practice was significantly associated with the occurrence of diarrhea and severity of dehydration in their infants6.

So, the present study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of proper hand washing practice among mothers living in two randomly selected townships of Mandalay city and the effect of reported proper hand washing on the occurrence of diarrhea among family members including her.

Multistage sampling was used: two out of five townships were randomly selected first and mothers one from each household were selected from these townships, namely Chan-Aye-Tharzan and Mahar-Aung-Myay townships by using systematic random sampling procedure.

Diarrhoeal disease was said to be present if anyone in the family including herself had been attacked during last year i. Diarrhoea disease was defined as the passage of three or more or more frequent passage than is normal for that individual loose or liquid stools per day7. Multivariate logistic regression and chi-square tests were used for data analysis by using STATA version 11 software.

In selecting the candidate variables for model building, p-value was set at 0. Backward deletion strategy was utilized in model building procedure.

Results Almost equal number of respondents from two townships from Mahar-Aung-Myay and from Chan-Aye-Tharzan participated in the study. In this study, the reported prevalence of proper hand washing practice under all four conditions combined among mothers was very high Details were shown in Table 1. The annual occurrence of diarrhoea reported among whole family was Table 1.

Table 2. Food handlers in restaurants, schools, delis and grocery stores must wash their hands with soap and water before applying hand sanitizers. Don't Forget to Wash This simple poster available in two color options shows six simple steps to washing hands. Handwashing with a Nail Brush Eight steps to washing hands using a nail brush could be hung in restrooms.

How It Works: Washing Hands with Soap and Water Components to washing with soap and water, the proper technique, and how washing with soap and water works. Wash Your Hands Posters These simple posters remind people to wash their hands.

Alcohol based handrubs: Easy as 1, 2, 3 MDH poster about alcohol based hand rubs. How It Works: Cleaning Hands with Hand Sanitizer Components to cleaning hands with alcohol-based hand sanitizers also known as handrubs , the proper technique, and how hand sanitizers work. Clean Your Hands: It is as Easy as Poster Flyer showing three steps to using alcohol hand sanitizers and washing with soap and water.

Hand Hygiene How-To Poster This letter sized poster shows the six steps for washing hands with soap and water or two for cleaning with alcohol-based hand sanitizers.

Clean Your Hands! Table 2. Table 1 includes the overall results for all wards. Comparisons of the mean number. When T1 samples baseline were compared with of CFU before and after handwashing between medical T3 samples after handwashing and 10 to 30 minutes of wards versus surgical wards, medical wards versus regular patient care , no statistically significant differ- ICUs, and surgical wards versus ICUs did not show any ences were found within each group.

This result was studied, 9. In any case, the use of the numbers of CFU than the T1 samples in this group. The baseline mean number hygienic soap and water standard handwashing proce- of CFU was similar between both groups nonsignifi- dure is well known. In this study, differences in the mean cant statistical differences. The reduction achieved for soap and water and When both handwashing methods were compared, the The lasting effect of pure alcohol is negligible.

No differences were found when both The lasting effect measured by the CFU after hand- procedures were evaluated. Most handwashing sinks ated by the HCWs, and it is easier and faster to use. Jarvis WR. Handwashing—the Semmelweis lesson forgotten?

Goldmann D, Larson E. Hand-washing and nosocomial infections. N Engl J Med ; However, the 3. Graham M. Frequency and duration of hand washing in an inten- existence of available sinks at bedside is not as common as sive care unit.

A recent European study of 4. Ehrenkranz NJ. Bland soap handwashing or hand antisepsis? Murray PR. Manual of clinical microbiology. Voss A, Widmer AF. No time for handwashing?

Handwashing ver- improving the compliance rate of handwashing by HCWs. Infect Control Many different approaches for improving handwash- Hosp Epidemiol ;